Device for improving fuel combustion in stoves.



w. E. SHORE. I DEVICE FOR IMPROVING FUEL COMBUSTION IN STOVES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 3, 1913. 1,113,047. Patented Feb. 22,1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I 1 5 1;: Ml 7 [///////V 7 H //X/ /i THE COLUMBIAPLANOGRAPH co WASHINGTON, D. c.

W. E. SHORE.

DEVICE FOR IMPROVING EUEL COMBUSTION IN STOVES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV- 3. I913- Patented Feb. 22, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- Witness es invemar. V

nnrrnn snares "PATENT orrioii.

WILLIAM E. SHORE, OF NEN' YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR- TO COMBUSTO DEVICESCORPORATION, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

DEVICE FOR IMPROVING FUEL COMBUSTION IN STOVES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 22, 1916.

Application filed November 3, 1913. Serial No. 799,002.

America, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Devicesfor Tmproving Fuel Combustion in Stoves, as described in the followingspecification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, that formpart of the same.

The principal objects of the invention are, to improve the combustion offuel in stoves,

utilizing to the maximum the thermal units in the fuel, therebyeffecting great economy in fuel consumption, and to devise a novel formof air super-heating device which will deliver super-heated air into thecombustion chamber of the stove to mingle with the gases of combustionrising from the fuel in the most effective manner causing the completeconsumption of all the combustible matter.

A further object is to effect a more uniform distribution oftemperatures throughout the combustion chamber, thereby greatlyfacilitating the heating efficiency of the stove.

The principal feature of the invention consists in the novelconstruction of an air super-heating device whereby the supply of air inits passage therethrough is subjected V to increasing temperatures andheating areas being directed through passages of increasing sizesallowing free expansion, the super heated and expanded air beingdelivered to the combustion chamber in a uniform volume spread over alarge area and whereby the natural flow of the air due to expansion isassisted materially by the formation of the air passages.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is an underside plan view of my improveddevice shown in part section. Fig. 2 is a vertical midsectional view ofmy device taken through the line a77 Fig. 1 and showing it applied to astove. Fig. 3 is a front edge elevational view of the device. Fig. 4 isa vertical sectional detail through one of the nipple connections to theoven showing the hot air collector attached. Fig. 5 is a plan view inpart section of a slightly modified form of my device. Fig. 6 is acentral vertical sectionol vi w through the ..l: 1 Fi Fig. 7 is a frontelevational View of the device illustrated in Fig. 5.

Like numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in each figure.

In the form of the 1, 2 and 3 which is particularly adapted for largeranges but may be made of any desirablesize, 1 is a casing preferably ofcast iron formed broad at the front edge 2 and having side walls 3converging inwardly toward the rear. The top and bottom walls 4 and areformed integrally with the side walls 3. The rear wall 6 is preferablyformed arc shape in plan and arranged sub stantially parallel with saidrear wall are a pair of walls 7 extending inwardly from the side walls3, the side walls at the point of juncture with the walls 7 beingpreferably formed to continue the arc shape thereof. The inner ends 8 ofthe walls 7 are spaced apart forming the passage 9 therebetweencommunicating with the passages 10 between the walls 6 and 7.

'T he numeral 11 designates circular holes in the bottom wall 5 arrangedat the outer and terminal ends of the passages 10 through which the airsupply is adapted to flow.

The numeral 12 designates a pair of are shaped walls extending betweenthe top and bottom walls 4 and 5, substantially parallel to the walls 7and spaced therefrom forming passages 13 of slightly greater width thanthe passages 10. The inner ends of the walls 12 are curved forward in ashort arc and meet centrally of the width of the casing and the outerends terminate short of the outer wall of the casing leaving passages14- around the ends. The forward ends of the side walls 3 are curved inarc shape to meet the are shaped side extensions of the walls 7 and arecontained inwardly between the top and bottom walls of the casingforming the passages 14: connecting with the passages 13. The inner ends15 being curved substantially parallel to the outer ends of the walls 12form inwardly curved passages 16 communicating with the passages 14 andof greater width than the passages 13.

17 is a centrally arranged passage between the inner ends of the walls15 and communicating with the passages 16. The curve of the innermostends of the walls 12 is such that if estat s b ond the ee n P int deviceshown in Figs.

such walls would form a continuation of the inwardly extending walls 15and thus the flow of air through the passages 16 will be directed to theouter or forward side of the walls 15, the flow from each sideintermingling.

The front side of the casing 1 is open and arranged between the top andbottom walls are a plurality of vertical ribs 18. A central rib 19extends a considerable distance into the casing and the inner end isformed with a bifurcated end 20. The ribs adjacent to the central ribare of slightly shorter length than said central rib and are formed withoutwardly turned inner ends 21 and each of the next succeeding ribs areformed slightly shorter and with correspondingly angularly turned innerends.

The passages '22 formed between the extremities of the bifurcated endsof the central rib 19 and the curved walls 15 are of greater width thanthe passage 16 and as the successive ribs 18 are of shorter length asthey extend toward the outer wall of the casing, the passage between theinner ends thereof and the outer wall continues to increase.

The ribs 18 are perpendicularly arranged and extend parallel the one tothe other, thus forming a plurality of narrow passage-ways 23 leadingoutwardly from the expanding passages 2:2, the innermost passageadjacent to the center rib being the longest and the succeeding passagesbeing of gradually clecreasing length. This arrangement of the passages23 is provided to insure the uniform distribution of the air from theinterior of the casing through the exit openings for the complete widthof the casing. The casing is placed within a stove or range with theforward end, which is preferably made shallower than the rear portion,resting upon the top edge of the fire brick lining 24 of the fire pot.The rear end extends over the oven 25 and the oven top 26 is providedwith a pair of holes leading through to the oven arranged opposite tothe holes 11 in the underside of the casing.

27 are nipple connections extending downwardly from the holes 11 in thecasing 1 and through the oven top, said connections being preferablysecured in the casing 1 by an upwardly extending lug 28 having alaterally projecting upper end 29 which fits into a socket recess 30 inthe underside of the boss 81 formed in the top of the casing 1 over eachof the holes 11, a bolt 32 extending through the end 29.

33 are a pair of flat casings secured to the inwardly extending ends ofthe nipple 27 within the oven and closed at the back end and extendingforwardly and flaring outwardly t0 the open front end 34.

The collector casings are arranged close to the topof the oven and theforward ends extend into close proximity with the inner front wall 35 ofthe oven. The front edge of said collector casings is preferably beveledon the underside presenting a free opening so that the heated air risingwithin the oven and back of the fire pot will flow into the collectorcasings and from there pass into the casing 1 through the nippleconnections 27. By arranging the collector casings in this manner thesupply of warmest air is obtained within the oven even though there maybe a very low fire in the stove.

The gases of combustion rising from the fire pot pass over the top ofthe casing 1 in their passage to the flue and coming in contact firstwith the forwardly extending edge of the device provided with aplurality of vertical ribs impart thereto a considerable amount of heat.As the gases travel backward from the stove toward the flue they becomecooler consequently the temperature of the back end of the casing willbe considerably lower than that of the front end.

The air flowing into the passages 10 in the casing 1 is directedinwardly by the walls 7 and the currents meeting cause the thoroughmixing and intermingling thereof and the flow is directed through thepassage 10 into the outwardly turned passages 13. The passages 13 are ofgreater area than the passages 10 to allow for the expansion of the airthrough contact with the heated surfaces of the casing 1. The current ofair through the passages 13 is directed by the walls 15 through passageslet and 16 and the inner are shaped ends of the deflecting walls 1:2direct theflow outwardly past the inwardly extending ends of the walls15.

The currents are divided each side of the bifurcated central rib 19 andas the passages between the parallelly arranged ribs 18 are longestnearest the center the resistance to the outward flow of the air will begreater than at the outer sides of the casing where the ribs 18 are veryshort in length, consequently the flow of air through the passages I11122 will be uniformly distributed in its outward flow through the openfront edge of the casing 1.

As the air in its passage from the rear to the front of the casing comesin contact with the heated walls it is expandedand as the passagesincrease in width from the rear to the front this expansion takes placefreely without affecting the inward flow of air at the rear end andowing to the peculiar fiaring formation of the casing the air as ittravels forward is brought into contact with a greatly increased heatedarea of metal, consequently it is subjected to an increasing temperatureand an increasing expansion, being finally discharged through aplurality of narrow passages where it comes into contact with thefurther heat radiating surfaces of the ribs 18 which'are heated to agreater temperature than any portion of the device owing to their closeproximity with the fire pot, consequently the air is discharged into thecombustion chamber in a highly rarified and expanded state and ittherefore mingles with the gases of combustion at a temperaturepractically the same as such gases, consequently affecting the completeconsumption of any combustible particles in suspension in such gases. Itwill therefore be readily apparent that a secondary combustion takesplace in the upper portion of the combustion chamber that is to say, inthe space between the top of the oven and the top of the stove. Theresult of this secondary combustion is that the top of the stove andalso the oven is subjected to the heating effect of the active burninggases and not simply to theheating elfectof hot gases rising from theburning fuel in the fire pot.

I am aware that many forms of apparatus for introducing air into thecombustion chamber in stoves have been devised but as far as I am awarenone of these have produced a device in which the supply of air issubiected to an increase in temperature conditions within thesuper-heater and also allowed to expand uniformly from the point ofentry to its discharge and as these features achieve in actual practicea very marked improvement and result the device is a distinctimprovement in the art.

The modification of the device shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 is onlyslightlv different in that it is adapted for the ordinary small cookstoves and with such stoves a single inlet opening is all that isrequired. In this form the rear wall 36 is of arc sha e and an areshaped wall 37 is spaced arallel therefrom forming a passage 38. Theside walls converge inwardly from the front of the casing and haveinwardly proiecting ends 40 arranged parallel to the wall 37 and formpassages 41 of greater width than the passage 38. the rear wall 36 beingcurved inwardlv beyond the ends of the wall 37 to meet theconvergingside walls.

The inwardly proiecting ends 40 of the side walls form a central passage42 through which the air is directed into the laterally extendingchambers 43 arranged on each side of the central indentation or notch 44in the front of the casing, said indentation being formed to receive thecentral post supporting the stove top thus allowing the device to beplaced centrallv within the sto e and to dischar e the super-heated airdirectlv over the fire pot. The front edge in this form of the casing isopen as in the forms shown in the other figu es and p ovided ith apluralitv of vertical parallel ribs. These ribs not only provide finalheating surfaces for the air but also reinforce the casing in, such amanner as to prevent "warping'and crackingthrough the intense 1. In adevice of the class described, the

combination with the oven and the combustion chamber extendingthereover, of a broad fiat casing arranged within the combustion chamberover the oven inclosing an air superheating chamber and having an inletopening at the rear end communicating with the oven and a discharge inthe front end adjacent to the fire box (the discharge end being ofconsiderably greater width than the inlet end), perpendicular divisionwalls arranged within the interior of said casing and dividing same intoa plurality of intercommunicating passages increasing in crosssectionalarea from theinlet,and a plurality of vertical division walls extending.in-

wardly from the front of the casing and forming a plurality of narrowpassages communicating with the foremost heating chamher, said wallsbeing parallelly arranged and of gradually increasing length from theouter sides to the center.

2. In a device of the class described, the combination with the oven andthe combustion chamber extending thereover, of a casing arranged withinthe combustion chamber over the oven inclosing an air superheatingchamber and having a discharge opening in the front and an inlet openingin the bottom side at the rear, a conduit projecting downwardly fromsaid inlet opening and extending into the oven, and an air collectingchamber connected to said conduit within the oven.

3. In a device of the class described, the combination with the oven andthe combustion chamber extending thereover, of a casing arranged withinthe combustion chamber over the oven inclosing an air superheatingchamber and having a discharge opening in the front and an inlet openingin the bottom side at the rear, a conduit projecting downwardly fromsaid inlet opening and extending into the oven, and a flat aircollecting casing secured to the end of said conduit within the oven andflaring out wardly therefrom and having its broad end open to receive asupply of air.

4. An attachment for stoves, comprising, a broad flat casing adapted tobe secured to the top of the oven plate and having an opening in thebottom side at the end farthest from the firebox and communicating withan opening in the top plate of the oven, said casing having a pluralityof passages in its front side arranged in a plane above the inlet fromthe oven, said passages diminishing in length from the center to thesides of the casing and adapted to direct the expanded and superheatedair into the combustion chamber of the stove.

5. A device for promoting combustion in stoves and the like, comprisinga casing having an a1r inlet opening and baffle plates having spacedends forming passages wherestoves and the like, comprising a casinghaving an air inlet opening, baffle plates Within the casing havingpassages between them, whereby the spaces between the baffle plates areplaced in intercommunication, said baflie plates being arranged so as todirect the incoming air backwardly toward the point of inlet for aportion of its travel and a plurality of outlet passages in the frontend of the casing, said passages diminishing in length from the centerto the sides of the casing.

7 A device for promoting combustion in stoves and the like, comprising acasing adapted for attachment within the combustion chamber over theoven, said casing having a broad front adjacent to the fire box and sidewalls converging rearwardly, an

air inlet communicating with the oven at the rear end of the casing,said casing having a series of perpendicular walls forming curvedpassages leading from the inlet and being closed and opened alternatelyat their ends and centers respectively, and formed increasing insectional area toward the front, the foremost passage opening centrallyinto a diverging distributing chamber, outlet passages at the front ofthe casing through which the superheated and expanded air is directedinto the fire box over the fire, said passages diminishing in lengthfrom the center to the sides of the casing.

8. An attachment for stoves for promoting combustion therein, and foruse in connection with the combustion chamber thereof, comprising acasing having an air inlet opening and bafiie plates having spaced ends,forming passages, whereby thespaces between the baffle plates are placedin intercommunication, and a plurality of outlet passages at the frontof the casing, formed by vertical heat conducting walls extending backinto the casing, whereby additional heat radiating surfaces are providedfor further superheating the air as it passes out of the outletpassages.

Signed at the city of New York, State of New York, one of the UnitedStates of America, this 21st day of October, 1913.

WILLIAM E. SHORE.

Witnesses: V

BELLE I. MORRIS, W'u. D. ELGER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G.

